Overview

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide. It is well recognized that traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease have limited predictive utility in the identification of new cardiovascular disease cases and outcomes. Thus, investigators have argued that application of a biopsychosocial research paradigm in this field may be of particular utility in understanding cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. Accordingly, a subdiscipline within the field of behavioral medicine – cardiovascular behavioral medicine – examines interrelations among biological, behavioral, psychological, social, and environmental factors in cardiovascular health and disease.   In 1989, Schneiderman and colleagues published a seminal work entitled ""Research Methods in Cardiovascular Behavioral Medicine."" Since that time, there has been an exponential increase in the amount and scope of work in this topic area, but no similar edited volume has been undertaken. The present handbook provides a compendium of work in the field of cardiovascular behavioral medicine, the purposes of which are to summarize research in this area, promote transdisciplinary research and clinical practice, and encourage researchers and clinicians to consider all relevant facets of the disease process in their evaluation and study of cardiovascular disease pathogenesis and outcomes.   This handbook has four sections: Section I provides perspectives on the past, present, and future of cardiovascular behavioral medicine, an overview of basic cardiovascular anatomy and physiology, cardiovascular disease classification, and application of the biopsychosocial model to the study of cardiovascular disease. Section IIcovers risk factors for cardiovascular disease from a behavioral medicine perspective, including sociodemographic, behavioral, psychosocial, biomedical, psychophysiological, and environmental risk factors for cardiovascular disease.These chapters offer a discussion of construct definitions, measurement issues, and epidemiological evidence for relations to cardiovascular disease.  Section III offers review of multi-level influences in specific cardiovascular disease entities, the evidence- base for relevant biopsychosocial interventions, evaluation of the impact of cardiovascular diseases on behavior, and consideration of common co-morbidities. Section IV covers select statistical and bioethical topics relevant to the field of cardiovascular behavioral medicine. This volume is unique in several respects. First, there is no similar work available in terms of the scope of topic coverage. Second, the inclusion of relevant measurement issues and construct definitions of a comprehensive set of risk factors will be of great assistance to researchers and clinicians in this area who wish to improve their assessment of these variables yet are not familiar with or trained in the various methodologies. Third, the use of multidisciplinary contributors enhances the utility of the work. Representative disciplines include psychology, psychiatry, medicine (e.g., cardiology), nursing, epidemiology, and public health. The primary audiences for this work are researchers, clinicians, and students in each of these disciplines.

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Shari Waldstein, Ph.D. is an associate professor of psychology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. She received her masters and doctoral degrees in clinical psychology from the University of Pittsburgh and completed her clinical psychology internship at Brown University, with special training in cardiovascular behavioral medicine. Her research program in cardiovascular behavioral medicine combines conceptual and methodological approaches from behavioral medicine, biomedicine, neuropsychology, and psychophysiology. One area of collaborative investigation examines the impact of cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular reactivity, and cardiovascular disease on cognitive function and quality of life among older adults. A second area of investigation involves the study of individual differences in the magnitude and patterning of acute cardiovascular responses to mental stress. Dr. Waldstein is recipient of an Early Career Award from the American Psychosomatic Society (APS), an Outstanding Contributions to Health Psychology (Early Career) Award from Division 38 of the American Psychological Association (APA), and a Distinguished Service Award from the Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM). She is a Fellow of APA Division 38 (Health Psychology), SBM, and the Academy of Behavioral Medicine Research. Dr. Waldstein has served as an Associate Editor for the journal Health Psychology, as a member of the APS's Executive Council, as Member-at-Large for Division 38 (Health Psychology) of the APA, and as Chair of the Education and Training Council for the SBM's Board of Directors. Currently, she is president-elect of the American Psychosomatic Society. She has edited one book and has authored or co-authored 54 articles and book chapters. Willem J. (Wijo) Kop, Ph.D. is an associate professor of medicine (Cardiology) and director of the recently developed Behavioral Cardiology Program at the University of Maryland Medical Center. His research focuses on cardiovascular diseases and other disorders where fatigue plays a major role. Dr. Kop is actively involved in the fields of psychosomatic and behavioral medicine and health psychology. He has served on several NIH review panels and the editorial boards of Health Psychology and Psychosomatic Medicine. Dr. Kop is the recipient of the 1998 Early Career Award of the American Psychosomatic Society and the 2002 Outstanding Contributions to Health Psychology Award from the American Psychological Association. Leslie Katzel, M.D., Ph.D. is an associate professor of medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. As Associate Director for Clinical of the Baltimore GRECC, Dr. Katzel oversees the GRECC Clinical Demonstration Projects. Dr. Katzel attends on the general medical service at the Baltimore VA Medical Center and is director of the fourth year medical student clinical and research elective in geriatrics and gerontology, as well as director for the research elective in gerontology for medical housestaff. He is recognized for his contributions to the ethical oversight of research conducted at UMB. He lectures frequently on the ethical oversight of research and good clinical practice guidelines, and chairs several safety monitoring boards. At a national level, he serves as a consultant/site visitor for the Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs (AAHRPP).

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