Overview

A detailed tracing, from acceptable sources, of archaeological and paleontologi- cal discoveries made up to the present time leads us to suppose that approximate- ly in 8000 y B. C., in Southern Turkestan, man succeeded in domesticating the first cattle, which he later took with him as he migrated from this remote region of Central Asia. Step by step, Europe and Asia have been gradually inhabited by domesticated cattle which have been incorporated into man's economy, both as a source of food and work. The same happened in America and Australasia, continents where cattle were taken by the European colonizing groups during the course of the 16th to the 18th centuries. Possibly the common cattle tick also reached these continents at the same time, accompanying its most frequent host. The cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, parasitizes Asiatic cattle races (with spe- cial reference to the zebu, Bos indicus), but generally the level of infestation is not high, only a few engorged females being detected, generally no more than ten. When cattle of European races are infested by Boophilus microplus, how- ever, the level of parasitism is higher, sometimes reaching limits incompatible with the life of the host.

Full Product Details

Author:   J. L. Nunez ,  M. E. Munoz-Cobenas ,  H. L. Moltedo ,  H. Bailie
Publisher:   Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG
Imprint:   Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
Weight:   0.545kg
ISBN:  

9783540151463

ISBN 10:   354015146
Pages:   218
Publication Date:   01 July 1985
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Out of stock  
The supplier is temporarily out of stock of this item. It will be ordered for you on backorder and shipped when it becomes available.

Table of Contents

I Introduction.- 1 Debilitating Action Exercised by a Hematophagus Parasite on a Host.- 2 Transmission of Diseases to Hematozoons.- 3 Losses Suffered by the Tanning Industry.- References.- II Taxonomy.- External Morphological Characteristics of Argasidae.- Internal Morphological Characteristics of Ixodidae and Argasidae.- A Digestive System.- B Excretory System.- C Respiratory System.- D Genital Organs.- References.- III Morphology and Physiology.- Capitulum.- Chelicerae.- Palps.- Hypostome.- Legs.- Dorsal Shield.- Digestive System.- Central Nervous System.- Circulatory System.- Respiratory System.- Reproductive System.- Male Genital Organs.- Female Genital Organs.- Cuticle (Exoskeleton).- References.- IV Life Cycle.- Free-Living Cycle.- Preoviposition.- Oviposition.- Postoviposition.- Incubation.- Eclosion.- Free-Larval Life.- Incidence of Environmental Factors Upon the Development of the Non-Parasitic Life Cycle.- Parasitic Life Cycle.- Larval Stage.- Neolarva.- Larva Type A.- Larva Type B.- Larva Type C.- Engorged Larva.- Nymphal Stage.- Nymph.- Engorged Nymph.- Adult Stage.- Male.- Undistended Female.- Semi-Engorged Female.- Engorged Female.- Some Thoughts on the Parasitic Cycle.- References.- V Therapeutics and Control.- Principles of the Control of Ticks.- Use of Chemical Products in the Control of Ticks.- Properties of a Good Ixodicide.- Exhaustion of Ixodicides in Dips.- Methods of Applying Ixodicides.- Immersion Dips.- Spraying.- Application of Systemic Ixodicides.- References.- Therapeutics.- Evolution of Tickicide Drugs.- Arsenical Compounds.- Organochloride Compounds.- DDT.- DDT Penetration in the Body of Insects.- Toxicity for Large Animals.- Mode of Action of DDT.- BHC.- Aqueous Suspensions.- Wettable Powders.- Gammexane Activity with Other Insecticides.- Disadvantages of Gamma BHC.- Penetration of BHC.- Symptoms of Intoxication in Insects.- Mechanism of Action.- Residual Effect.- Toxaphene.- Chlordane.- Dieldrin.- Aldrin.- Organophosphorous Compounds.- Physiopathology.- Function of Acetylcholine.- Acetylcholine Breakdown by Cholinesterase.- Cholinesterase Active Centres and Breakdown of Acetylcholine.- Entrance into the Body of the Arthropod.- Distribution.- Symptoms of Intoxication by Poisoning in Ticks.- Organophosphorous Toxicity in Mammals.- Symptoms of Intoxication in Mammals.- Necropsia Findings.- Intoxication Treatment.- Commercial Formulations.- Carbonphenothion.- Chlorfenvinphos.- Chlorpyriphos.- Coumaphos.- Diazinon.- Ethion.- Phosmet.- Dioxathion.- Carbamates.- Carbaryl.- New Acaricide Drugs.- Nimidane.- Amitraz.- Clenpyrin.- Chlordimeform.- Chlormethiuron.- Iminothiazol.- Synthetic Pyrethroids.- Evolution of the Synthetic Pyrethroids.- Mode of Action.- Toxicity to Man and Animals.- Permethrin.- Cypermethrin.- Cypothrin.- Cyhalothrin.- Flumethrin.- Deltamethrin.- Drugs of Systemic Action.- Ivermectin.- Closantel.- References.- VI Tick Control off the Host.- Grazing Treatments with Acaricides.- Repellent Action of Certain Pastures.- Biological Control by Means of Predators.- Birds.- Parasites.- Bacteria and Viruses.- Ants and Spiders.- Wasps.- Sexual Sterilization of Adult Males.- Metabolic Alterations.- Hormones.- Sexual Hormones.- Use of Resistant Cattle.- References.- VII Host Resistance to Ticks.- 1 Resistance in Zebu (Bos indicus) and its Crosses.- 2 Resistance in European Cattle (Bos taurus).- A Influence of Anatomical and Physiological Characteristics of Skin.- B Hypersensitivity.- C Immunity.- Studies on Dermacentor andersoni.- D Grooming.- The Inheritance of Resistance.- Conclusions.- References.- VIII Resistance.- Clinical Symptoms.- Diagnosis.- Symptoms.- Mechanisms.- Arsenicals.- Mechanism of Resistance.- Background.- Chlorides.- Mechanism of Resistance.- Background.- Organophosphorous Compounds and Carbamates.- Mechanisms of Resistance.- Background.- Synthetic Pyrethroids.- Evolution of Resistance After Relaxation of Chemical Pressure.- Genetics of Resistance.- Measuring Resistance.- Techniques Based on Larvae.- A Immersion Techniques.- B Techniques by Contact.- Techniques Based on Engorged Females.- References.

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