Overview

Advancements in restorative dentistry have enhanced bonding between restorative materials and tooth structures. Effective adhesion is essential for retention, marginal seal, longevity, and prevention of microleakage, secondary caries, and sensitivity.Three adhesive strategies are used: etch-and-rinse, self-etch, and universal adhesives. Etch-and-rinse provides high bond strength but is technique-sensitive. Self-etch simplifies procedures but may be less effective on enamel. Universal adhesives offer versatility and bond to multiple substrates. Selection depends on clinical conditions and material compatibility.Bonding success is influenced by substrate condition, smear layer management, moisture control, and operator skill. Bond durability is affected by hydrolytic degradation; advances such as nanofillers and MMP inhibitors improve longevity. Proper isolation and surface preparation are critical for long-term success.

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