Overview

Does exposure to environmental toxicants inhibit our ability to have healthy children who develop normally? Biologic markers—indicators that can tell us when environmental factors have caused a change at the cellular or biochemical level that might affect reproductive ability—are a promising tool for research aimed at answering that important question. Biologic Markers in Reproductive Toxicology examines the potential of these markers in environmental health studies; clarifies definitions, underlying concepts, and possible applications; and shows the benefits to be gained from their use in reproductive and neurodevelopmental research. Table of Contents Front Matter Executive Summary 1. Report of the Oversight Committee I. Biologic Markers in Male Reproductive and Gametic Genetic Toxicology 2. Introduction 3. Clinical Evaluation of Male Infertility 4. Biologic Markers of Testicular Function 5. Biologic Markers of Epididymal Structure and Function 6. Biologic Markers of Accessory Sex Organ Structure and Function 7. Biologic Markers of Human Male Reproductive Health and Physiologic Damage 8. Assessing Transmitted Mutations in Mice 9. Markers for Measuring Germinal Genetic Toxicity and Heritable Mutations in People 10. Conclusions and Recommendations II. Biologic Markers in Female Reproductive Toxicology 11. Introduction 12. Biologic Markers of Genetic Damage in Females 13. Biologic Markers of Reproductive Development and Aging 14. Biologic Markers of Nonconceptive Menstrual Cycles 15. Developing Assays of Biologic Markers for Epidemiologic Studies: Experience with a Marker of Pregnancy and Early Loss 16. Conclusions and Recommendations III. Biologic Markers of Toxicity during Pregnancy 17. Introduction 18. Molecular Biology: Developing DNA Markers of Genotoxic Effects 19. Reproductive Immunology: Biologic Markers of Compromised Pregnancies 20. Cell Biology: Identifying Biologic Markers Expressed during Early Pregnancy 21. Physiologic Assessment of Fetal Compromise 22. Biologic Markers of Exposure during Pregnancy: Pharmacokinetic Assessments 23. Conclusions and Recommendations IV. Biologic Markers in Neurodevelopmental Toxicology 24. Introduction 25. Developmental Neurobiology of the Central Nervous System 26. Morphologic, Neurochemical, and Behavioral Responses to Toxic Agents 27. Methodologic Issues of Extrapolation from Animal Studies to Human Toxicant Exposure 28. Lead as a Paradigm for the Study of Neurodevelopmental Toxicology 29. Conclusions and Recommendations Appendix: Assessing the Validity of Biologic Markers: Alpha-Fetoprotein References Biographies Index

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Subcommittee on Reproductive and Neurodevelopmental Toxicology, Committee on Biologic Markers, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, National Research Council

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