Overview

Rapid industrialization and urbanization associated with the environment changes calls for reduced pollution and thereby least use of fossil fuels. Biofuel cells are bioenergy resources and biocompatible alternatives to conventional fuel cells. Biofuel cells are one of the new sustainable renewable energy sources that are based on the direct conversion of chemical matters to electricity with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes as biocatalysts. The gradual depletion of fossil fuels, increasing energy needs, and the pressing problem of environmental pollution have stimulated a wide range of research and development efforts for renewable and environmentally friendly energy. Energy generation from biomass resources by employing biofuel cells is crucial for sustainable development. Biofuel cells have attracted considerable attention as micro-  or even nano-power sources for implantable biomedical devices, such as cardiac pacemakers, implantable self-powered sensors, and biosensors for monitoring physiological parameters. This book covers the most recent developments and offers a detailed overview of fundamentals, principles, mechanisms, properties, optimizing parameters, analytical characterization tools, various types of biofuel cells, all-category of materials, catalysts, engineering architectures, implantable biofuel cells, applications and novel innovations and challenges in this sector. This book is a reference guide for anyone working in the areas of energy and the environment.

Full Product Details

Author:   Inamuddin ,  Mohd Imran Ahamed (Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India) ,  Rajender Boddula (National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST, Beijing)) ,  Mashallah Rezakazemi (University of Tehran (UT))
Publisher:   John Wiley & Sons Inc
Imprint:   Wiley-Scrivener
Dimensions:   Width: 1.00cm , Height: 1.00cm , Length: 1.00cm
Weight:   0.454kg
ISBN:  

9781119724698

ISBN 10:   1119724694
Pages:   528
Publication Date:   24 August 2021
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Out of stock  
The supplier is temporarily out of stock of this item. It will be ordered for you on backorder and shipped when it becomes available.

Table of Contents

Preface xvii 1 Bioelectrocatalysis for Biofuel Cells 1 Casanova-Moreno Jannu, Arjona Noé and Cercado Bibiana 1.1 Introduction: Generalities of the Bioelectrocatalysis 2 1.2 Reactions of Interest in Bioelectrocatalysis 3 1.2.1 Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions 3 1.2.2 Reactions Catalyzed by Microorganisms 8 1.3 Immobilization of Biocatalyst 9 1.3.1 Immobilization of Enzymes on Electrodes 9 1.3.2 Preparation of Microbial Bioelectrodes 15 1.4 Supports for Immobilization of Enzymes and Microorganisms for Biofuel Cells 17 1.4.1 Buckypaper Bioelectrodes for BFCs 20 1.4.2 Carbon Paper Bioelectrodes for BFCs 21 1.4.3 Nitrogen-Doped Carbonaceous Materials as Bioelectrodes for BFCs 22 1.4.4 Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-Based Carbonaceous Materials as Bioelectrodes for BFCs 23 1.4.5 Flexible Bioelectrodes for Flexible BFCs 24 1.5 Electron Transfer Phenomena 25 1.5.1 Enzyme-Electrode Electron Transfer 25 1.5.2 Microorganism-Electrode Electron Transfer 31 1.6 Bioelectrocatalysis Control 34 1.6.1 Control of Enzymatic Bioelectrocatalysis 34 1.6.2 Microbiological Catalysis Control 35 1.7 Recent Applications of Bioelectrocatalysis 36 1.7.1 Biosensors 36 1.7.2 Microbial Catalyzed CO2 Reduction 37 References 39 2 Novel Innovations in Biofuel Cells 53 Muhammet Samet Kilic and Seyda Korkut 2.1 Introduction to Biological Fuel Cells 53 2.1.1 Implantable BFCs 55 2.1.2 Wearable BFCs 59 2.2 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 63 Acknowledgment 64 References 64 3 Implantable Biofuel Cells for Biomedical Applications 69 Arushi Chauhan and Pramod Avti 3.1 Introduction 70 3.2 Biofuel Cells 72 3.2.1 Microbial Biofuel Cells 72 3.2.1.1 Design and Configuration 73 3.3 Enzymatic Biofuel Cells 75 3.3.1 Design and Configurations 75 3.3.2 Factors Affecting 77 3.4 Mechanism of Electron Transfer 80 3.5 Energy Sources in the Human Body 81 3.6 Biomedical Applications 83 3.6.1 Glucose-Based Biofuels Cells 84 3.6.2 Pacemakers 85 3.6.3 Implanted Brain–Machine Interface 86 3.6.4 Biomarkers 87 3.7 Limitations 87 3.8 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 88 References 88 Abbreviations 95 4 Enzymatic Biofuel Cells 97 Rabisa Zia, Ayesha Taj, Sumaira Younis, Haq Nawaz Bhatti, Waheed S. Khan and Sadia Z. Bajwa 4.1 Introduction 98 4.2 Enzyme Used in EBFCs 99 4.3 Enzyme Immobilization Materials 103 4.3.1 Physical Adsorption Onto a Solid Surface 105 4.3.2 Entrapment in a Matrix 106 4.3.3 Sol–Gel Entrapment 106 4.3.4 Nanomaterials as Matrices for Enzyme Immobilization 107 4.3.5 Covalent Bonding 109 4.3.6 Cross-Linking With Bifunctional or Multifunctional Reagents 110 4.4 Applications of EBFCs 111 4.4.1 Self-Powered Biosensors 111 4.4.2 EBFCs Into Implantable Bioelectronics 111 4.4.3 EBFCs Powering Portable Devices 112 4.5 Challenges 114 4.6 Conclusion 116 References 116 5 Introduction to Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC): Waste Matter to Electricity 123 Rustiana Yuliasni, Abudukeremu Kadier, Nanik Indah Setianingsih, Junying Wang, Nani Harihastuti and Peng-Cheng Ma 5.1 Introduction 124 5.2 Operating Principles of MFC 125 5.3 Main Components and Materials of MFCs 126 5.3.1 Anode Materials 126 5.3.2 Cathode Materials 134 5.3.3 Substrates or Fed-Stocks 135 5.3.4 MFC Cell Configurations 135 5.4 Current and Prospective Applications of MFC Technology 136 5.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects 138 Acknowledgement 138 References 138 6 Flexible Biofuel Cells: An Overview 145 Gayatri Konwar and Debajyoti Mahanta 6.1 Introduction 145 6.1.1 Working Principle of Fuel Cell 146 6.1.2 Types of Fuel Cells 148 6.2 Biofuel Cells (BFCs) 149 6.2.1 Working Principle 149 6.2.1.1 Microbial Fuel Cell 150 6.2.1.2 Photomicrobial Fuel Cell 151 6.2.1.3 Enzymatic Fuel Cell 151 6.2.2 Applications of Biofuel Cells 152 6.3 Needs for Flexible Biofuel Cell 153 6.3.1 Fuel Diversity 153 6.3.2 Materials for Flexible Biofuel Cells 154 6.3.3 Fabrication of Bioelectrodes 156 6.3.4 Recent Advances and New Progress for the Development of Flexible Biofuel Cell 156 6.3.4.1 Carbon-Based Electrode Materials for Flexible Biofuel Cells 157 6.3.4.2 Textile and Polymer-Based Electrode Materials for Flexible Biofuel Cells 160 6.3.4.3 Metal-Based Electrode Materials 162 6.3.5 Challenges Faced by Flexible Biofuel Cell 162 6.4 Conclusion 164 References 164 7 Carbon Nanomaterials for Biofuel Cells 171 Udaya Bhat K. and Devadas Bhat P. List of Abbreviations 172 7.1 Introduction 173 7.2 Types of Biofuel Cells 174 7.2.1 Enzyme-Based Biofuel Cell (EBFC) 175 7.2.2 Microbial-Based Biofuel Cells (MBFCs) 176 7.3 Carbon-Based Materials for Biofuel Cells 176 7.3.1 Cellulose-Based Biomass Fuel Cells 176 7.3.2 Starch and Glucose-Based Fuel Cells 177 7.3.3 Carbon Nanoparticles (NPs) 178 7.3.4 Graphite 179 7.3.5 Nanographene 179 7.3.5.1 N-Doped Graphene 182 7.3.6 Carbon Nanotubes 182 7.3.6.1 Buckypapers 187 7.3.6.2 Hydrogenases 188 7.3.6.3 N-Doped CNTs 189 7.3.6.4 Biphenylated CNTs 189 7.3.7 Nanohorns 189 7.3.8 Nanorods 190 7.3.9 Carbon Nanofibers 191 7.3.10 Nanoballs 191 7.3.11 Nanosheets 192 7.3.12 Reticulated Vitreous Carbon (RVC) 192 7.3.13 Porous Carbon 192 7.4 Applications of Biofuel Cells Using Carbon-Based Nanomaterials 193 7.4.1 Living Batteries/Implantable Fuel Cells 193 7.4.1.1 Animal In Vivo Implantation 194 7.4.1.2 Energy Extraction From Body Fluids 195 7.4.2 Energy Extraction From Fruits 197 7.5 Conclusion 197 References 198 8 Glucose Biofuel Cells 219 Srijita Basumallick 8.1 Introduction 219 8.2 Merits of BFC Over FC 220 8.3 Glucose Oxidize (GOs) as Enzyme Catalyst in Glucose Biofuel Cells 221 8.4 General Experimental Technique for Fabrication of Enzyme GOs Immobilized Electrodes for Glucose Oxidation 222 8.5 General Method of Characterization of Fabricated Enzyme Immobilized Working Electrode 223 8.6 Determination of Electron Transfer Rate Constant (ks) 224 8.7 Denaturation of Enzymes 225 8.8 Conclusions 225 Acknowledgments 226 References 226 9 Photochemical Biofuel Cells 229 Mohd Nur Ikhmal Salehmin, Rosmahani Mohd Shah, Mohamad Azuwa Mohamed, Ibdal Satar and Siti Mariam Daud 9.1 Introduction 230 9.1.1 Various Configuration of PBEC-FC 231 9.2 Photosynthetic Biofuel Cell (PS-BFC) 233 9.2.1 Various Configurations of PS-BFC 234 9.3 Photovoltaic-Biofuel Cell (PV-BFC) 238 9.4 Photoelectrode Integrated-Biofuel Cell (PE-BFC) 240 9.4.1 The Basic Mechanism of Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Reaction 241 9.4.2 Photoelectrode-Integrated BFC 242 9.4.3 Various Configuration of PE-BFC 243 9.4.4 Materials Used in PE-BFC 245 9.5 Potential Fuels Generation and Their Performance From PEC-BFC 247 9.5.1 Hydrogen Generation 247 9.5.2 Contaminants Removal and Waste Remediation 249 9.5.3 Sustainable Power Generation 251 9.6 Conclusion 252 References 253 10 Engineering Architectures for Biofuel Cells 261 Udaya Bhat K. and Devadas Bhat P. Abbreviations 261 10.1 Introduction 263 10.1.1 Biofuel Cell 263 10.1.2 General Configuration of a Biofuel Cell 263 10.2 Role as Miniaturized Ones 264 10.3 Attractiveness 266 10.3.1 Biological Sensors 266 10.3.2 Implantable Medical Devices 267 10.3.2.1 Invertebrates 268 10.3.2.2 Vertebrates 269 10.3.3 Electronics 269 10.3.4 Building Materials 270 10.4 Architecture 270 10.4.1 Fabrication and Design 270 10.4.1.1 Modeling 271 10.4.1.2 Sol–Gel Encapsulation 272 10.4.1.3 3D Electrode Architecture 272 10.4.1.4 Multi-Enzyme Systems (Enzyme Cascades) 273 10.4.1.5 Linear Cascades 273 10.4.1.6 Cyclic Cascades 274 10.4.1.7 Parallel Cascades 274 10.4.1.8 Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) 274 10.4.2 Single Compartment Layout 275 10.4.3 Two-Compartment Layout 275 10.4.4 Mechanisms 275 10.4.4.1 Direct Electron Transfer 275 10.4.4.2 Mediated Electron Transfer 276 10.4.5 Materials 277 10.4.5.1 Carbon Nanomaterials 277 10.4.5.2 H2/O2 Biofuel Cells 277 10.4.5.3 Hydrogenases 278 10.4.5.4 Fungal Cellulases 279 10.4.6 Characterization 279 10.4.6.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 279 10.4.6.2 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) 279 10.4.6.3 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 280 10.4.6.4 Fluorescence Microscopy 280 10.4.7 Metagenomic Techniques 280 10.4.7.1 Pre-Treatment of Environmental Samples 281 10.4.7.2 Nucleic Acid Extraction 281 10.4.8 Integrated Devices 282 10.5 Issues and Perspectives 282 10.6 Future Challenges in the Architectural Engineering 283 10.7 Conclusions 283 References 284 11 Biofuel Cells for Commercial Applications 299 Mohan Kumar Anand Raj, Rajasekar Rathanasamy, Moganapriya Chinnasamy and Sathish Kumar Palaniappan Abbreviations 299 11.1 Introduction 300 11.1.1 History of Biofuel Cell 300 11.2 Classification of Electrochemical Devices Based on Fuel Confinement 303 11.2.1 Process of Electron Shift From Response Site to Electrode 303 11.2.2 Bioelectrochemical Cells Including an Entire Organism 303 11.2.3 Entire Organism Product Biofuel Cells Producing Hydrogen Gas 304 11.2.4 Entire Organism Non-Diffusive Biofuel Cells 305 11.3 Application of Biofuel Cells 307 11.3.1 Micro- and Nanotechnology 308 11.3.2 Self-Powered Biofuel Sensor 309 11.3.3 Switchable Biofuel Cells and Logic Gates 310 11.3.4 Microbial Energy Production 310 11.3.5 Transport and Energy Generation 311 11.3.6 Infixable Power Sources 312 11.3.7 Aqua Treatment 312 11.3.8 Robots 312 11.4 Conclusion 312 References 313 12 Development of Suitable Cathode Catalyst for Biofuel Cells 317 Mehak Munjal, Deepak Kumar Yadav, Raj Kishore Sharma and Gurmeet Singh 12.1 Introduction 317 12.2 Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxygen Reduction Reaction 321 12.3 Techniques for Evaluating ORR Catalyst 322 12.4 Cathode Catalyst in BFCs 326 12.5 Chemical Catalyst 327 12.5.1 Metals-Based Catalyst 327 12.5.1.1 Metals and Alloys 327 12.5.1.2 Metal Oxide 328 12.5.2 Carbon Materials 331 12.6 Microbial Catalyst 332 12.7 Enzymatic Catalyst for Biofuel Cell 333 12.8 Conclusion 334 Acknowledgements 335 References 335 13 Biofuel Cells for Water Desalination 345 Somakraj Banerjee, Ranjana Das and Chiranjib Bhattacharjee 13.1 Introduction 345 13.2 Biofuel Cell 347 13.2.1 Basic Mechanism 347 13.2.2 Types of Biofuel Cells 348 13.2.2.1 Enzymatic Fuel Cell 349 13.2.2.2 Microbial Fuel Cell 349 13.3 Biofuel Cells for Desalination: Microbial Desalination Cell 350 13.3.1 Working Mechanism 351 13.3.2 Microbial Desalination Cell Configurations 353 13.3.2.1 Air Cathode MDC 353 13.3.2.2 Biocathode MDC 354 13.3.2.3 Stacked MDC (sMDC) 355 13.3.2.4 Recirculation MDC (rMDC) 357 13.3.2.5 Microbial Electrolysis Desalination and Chemical Production Cell (MEDCC) 358 13.3.2.6 Capacitive MDC (cMDC) 359 13.3.2.7 Upflow MDC (UMDC) 360 13.3.2.8 Osmotic MDC (OMDC) 361 13.3.2.9 Bipolar Membrane Microbial Desalination Cell 362 13.3.2.10 Decoupled MDC 363 13.3.2.11 Separator Coupled Stacked Circulation MDC (c‐SMDC‐S) 364 13.3.2.12 Ion-Exchange Resin Coupled Microbial Desalination Cell 365 13.4 Factors Affecting the Performance and Efficiency of Desalination Cells 366 13.4.1 Effect of External Resistance 366 13.4.2 Effect of Internal Resistance 367 13.4.3 Effect of pH 367 13.4.4 Effect of Microorganisms 368 13.4.5 Effect of Operating Conditions 369 13.4.6 Effect of Membrane Scaling and Fouling 370 13.4.7 Effect of Desalinated Water Contamination 370 13.5 Current Challenges and Further Prospects 370 Acknowledgment 371 References 372 14 Conventional Fuel Cells vs Biofuel Cells 377 Naila Yamin, Wajeeha Khalid, Muhammad Altaf, Raja Shahid Ashraf, Munazza Shahid and Amna Zulfiqar 14.1 Bioelectrochemical Cell 378 14.2 Types 378 14.2.1 Fuel Cells 378 14.2.1.1 Conventional Fuel Cell (FC) 378 14.2.1.2 History 378 14.2.1.3 Principle of FC 380 14.2.1.4 Construction/Designs 380 14.2.1.5 Stacking of Fuel Cell 383 14.2.1.6 Importance of Conventional FC 384 14.2.2 Types of FC 384 14.2.2.1 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) 385 14.2.2.2 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) 386 14.2.2.3 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) 388 14.2.2.4 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) 389 14.2.2.5 Alkaline FC (AFC) 390 14.2.2.6 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) 391 14.2.3 Advantages of Fuel Cells 394 14.2.3.1 Efficiency 394 14.2.3.2 Low Emissions 394 14.2.3.3 Noiseless 394 14.2.4 Applications 394 14.3 Biofuel Cells 395 14.3.1 Introduction 395 14.3.2 Categories of Biofuel 395 14.3.2.1 First-Generation Biofuel 395 14.3.2.2 Second-Generation Biofuel 399 14.3.2.3 Third-Generation Biofuel 399 14.3.2.4 Fourth-Generation Biofuel 399 14.3.3 Advantages of Biofuels 399 14.4 Types of Biofuel Cells 399 14.4.1 Microbial Fuel Cell 399 14.4.1.1 Basic Principles of MFC 401 14.4.1.2 Types of MFCs 403 14.4.1.3 Mechanism of Electron Transfer 404 14.4.1.4 Uses of MFCs 405 14.4.1.5 Advantages of MFCs 406 14.4.1.6 Disadvantage of MFCs 407 14.4.2 Enzymatic Biofuel Cells (EBCs) 407 14.4.2.1 Principle/Mechanism 407 14.4.2.2 Working of EBCs 407 14.4.2.3 Immobilization of an Enzyme 408 14.4.3 Glucose Biofuel Cells (GBFCs) 409 14.4.4 Photochemical Biofuel Cell 411 14.4.5 Flexible or Stretchable Biofuel Cell 412 14.5 Conclusion 413 References 413 15 State-of-the-Art and Prospective in Biofuel Cells: A Roadmap Towards Sustainability 423 Biswajit Debnath, Moumita Sardar, Khushbu K. Birawat, Indrashis Saha and Ankita Das 15.1 Introduction 423 15.2 Membrane-Based and Membrane-Less Biofuel Cells 425 15.3 Enzymatic Biofuel Cells 429 15.4 Wearable Biofuel Cells 432 15.5 Fuels for Biofuel Cells 434 15.6 Roadmap to Sustainability 434 15.7 Conclusion and Future Direction 438 Acknowledgement 439 References 439 16 Anodes for Biofuel Cells 449 Naveen Patel, Dibyajyoti Mukherjee, Ishu Vansal, Rama Pati Mishra and Vinod Kumar Chaudhary 16.1 Introduction 450 16.2 Anode Material Properties 451 16.3 Anode 452 16.3.1 Non-Carbon Anode Materials 452 16.3.2 Carbon Anode Materials 453 16.4 Anode Modification 453 16.4.1 Anode Modification With Carbon Nanotube (CNT) 453 16.4.2 Graphite-Based Material for Anode Electrode Modification 454 16.4.3 Anode Modification With Nanocomposite of Metal Oxides 454 16.4.4 Anode Modification With Conducting Polymer 455 16.4.5 Chemical and Electrochemical Anode Modifications 456 16.5 Challenge and Future Perspectives 456 16.6 Conclusion 457 Acknowledgements 457 References 457 17 Applications of Biofuel Cells 465 Joel Joseph, Muthamilselvi Ponnuchamy, Ashish Kapoor and Prabhakar Sivaraman 17.1 Introduction 465 17.2 Fuel Cell 467 17.3 Biofuel Cells 468 17.3.1 Microbial Biofuel Cell 469 17.3.1.1 At Anode Chamber 470 17.3.1.2 At Cathode Chamber 471 17.3.2 Enzymatic Biofuel Cell 471 17.3.3 Mammalian Biofuel Cell 472 17.4 Implantable Devices Powered by Using Biofuel Cell 473 17.4.1 Implantable Biofuel Cell for Pacemakers or Artificial Urinary Sphincter 473 17.4.2 Implantable Medical Devices Powered by Mammalian Biofuel Cells 474 17.4.3 Medical Devices Using PEM Fuel Cell 475 17.4.4 Implantable Brain Machine Interface Using Glucose Fuel Cell 475 17.5 Single Compartment EBFCs 476 17.6 Extracting Energy from Human Perspiration Through Epidermal Biofuel Cell 476 17.7 Mammalian Body Fluid as an Energy Source 477 17.8 Implantation of Enzymatic Biofuel Cell in Living Lobsters 477 17.9 Biofuel Cell Implanted in Snail 477 17.10 Application of Biofuel Cell 478 17.11 Conclusion 479 References 479 Index 483

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Author Information

Inamuddin, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has extensive research experience in analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, renewable energy, and environmental science. He has worked on different research projects funded by various government agencies and universities and is the recipient of multiple awards, including the Fast Track Young Scientist Award and the Young Researcher of the Year Award for 2020, from Aligarh Muslim University. He has published almost 200 research articles in various international scientific journals, 18 book chapters, and 120 edited books with multiple well-known publishers. Mohd Imran Ahamed, PhD, is a research associate in the Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has published several research and review articles in various international scientific journals and has co-edited multiple books. His research work includes ion-exchange chromatography, wastewater treatment, and analysis, bending actuator and electrospinning. Rajender Boddula, PhD, is currently working for the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative (CAS-PIFI) at the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST, Beijing). His academic honors include multiple fellowships and scholarships, and he has published many scientific articles in international peer-reviewed journals. He is also serving as an editorial board member and a referee for several reputed international peer-reviewed journals. He has published edited books with numerous publishers and has authored over 20 book chapters. Mashallah Rezakazemi, PhD, received his doctorate from the University of Tehran (UT) in 2015. In his first appointment, he served as associate professor in the Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering at Shahrood University of Technology. He has co-authored in more than 140 highly cited journal publications, conference articles and book chapters. He has received numerous major awards and grants from various funding agencies in recognition of his research. Notable among these are Khwarizmi Youth Award from the Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), and the Outstanding Young Researcher Award in Chemical Engineering from the Academy of Sciences of Iran. He was named a top 1% most Highly Cited Researcher by Web of Science (ESI).

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