Overview

Basic Medical Endocrinology, Fourth Edition provides up-to-date coverage of rapidly unfolding advances in the understanding of hormones involved in regulating most aspects of bodily functions. Topics are approached from the perspective of a physiologist with over 40 years of teaching experience. This fourth edition is richly illustrated in full color with both descriptive schematic diagrams and laboratory findings obtained in clinical studies. Each of the fourteen chapters starts with an overview of the topic and ends with a Suggested Reading list. Initial chapters lay a foundation by presenting basic information and principles of hormone structure, secretion, and actions, and the physiological roles of the principal endocrine glands. Subsequent chapters address the role of the endocrine system in solving such physiological problems as the regulation of the volume and composition of body fluids in the face of changing environmental demands, and the regulation of short- and long-term energy balance. The final chapters deal with the indispensable role of hormones in growth, development and reproduction.

Full Product Details

Author:   Elizabeth H. Holt (Associate Professor of Medicine, Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States) ,  Harry Peery
Publisher:   Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
Imprint:   Academic Press Inc
Edition:   4th edition
Dimensions:   Width: 21.60cm , Height: 2.30cm , Length: 27.60cm
Weight:   1.197kg
ISBN:  

9780123739759

ISBN 10:   0123739756
Pages:   344
Publication Date:   15 August 2008
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Replaced By:   9780128158449
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Out of Print
Availability:   In Print  
Limited stock is available. It will be ordered for you and shipped pending supplier's limited stock.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction Biosynthesis of Hormones Storage and Secretion Hormones in Blood Hormone Degradation Mechanisms of Hormone Action Specificity Characteristics of Receptors Hormonal Actions Mediated by Intracellular Receptors Hormonal Actions Mediated by Surface Receptors The G-protein Coupled Receptors Receptors that Signal through Tyrosine Kinase Regulation of Hormone Secretion Negative Feedback Positive Feedback Feed Forward Measurement of Hormones Immunoassays Hormone Levels in Blood Suggested Reading Chapter 2 Pituitary Gland Morphology Physiology of the Anterior Pituitary Gland Glycoprotein Hormones Growth Hormone and Prolactin Adrenocorticotropin Family Development of the Anterior Pituitary Gland Regulation of Anterior Pituitary Function Hypophysiotropic Hormones Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Control of GH Secretion Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Dopamine and control of Prolactin Secretion Secretion and Actions of Hypophysiotropic Hormones Feedback Control of Anterior Pituitary Function Physiology of the Posterior Pituitary Regulation of Posterior Pituitary Function Suggested Reading Chapter 3 Thyroid Gland Morphology Thyroid Hormones Biosynthesis Iodine Trapping Thyroglobulin Synthesis Incorporation of Iodine Hormone Storage Secretion Control of Thyroid Function Effects of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Effects of the Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulins Autoregulation of Thyroid Hormone Synthesis Thyroid Hormones in Blood Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones Physiological Effects of Thyroid Hormones Growth and Maturation Skeletal System Central Nervous System AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM METABOLISM Oxidative Metabolism and Thermogenesis Carbohydrate Metaboliism Lipid Metabolism Nitrogen Metabolism Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Secretion Mechanism of Thyroid Hormone Action Suggested Reading Chapter 4 Adrenal Glands Morphology Adrenal Cortex Adrenocortical Hormones Control of Adrenocortical Hormone Synthesis Adrenal Steroid Hormones in Blood Postsecretory Metabolism of Adrenal Cortical Hormones Physiology of the Mineralocorticoids Effects of Aldosterone on the Kidney Regulation of Aldosterone Secretion Physiology of the Glucocorticoids Effects on Energy Metabolism Effects on Water Balance Effects on Lung DevelopmentGlucocorticoids and Responses to Injury Adrenocortical Function during Stress Mechanism of Action of Glucocorticoids Regulation of Glucocorticoid Secretion Adrenal Medulla Biosynthesis of the Medullary Catecholamines Storage, Release, and Metabolism of Medullary Hormones Physiological Actions of Medullary Hormones Regulation Of Adrenal Medullary Function Suggested Reading Chapter 5 Principles of Hormonal Integration Integration of Hormonal Signals at the Cellular and Molecular Level Augmentation, Antagonism, and Synergy Permissiveness Maintaining Signal Fidelity Modulation of Responding Systems Sensitivity and Capacity Spare Receptors Hormonal Integration at the Whole Animal Level Redundancy Reinforcement Push-Pull Mechanisms Chapter 6 Hormones of the Gastrointestinal Tract Functional Anatomy of the GI Tract Overview of Digestion and Absorption Hormones of the Gastrointestinal Tract The Gastrin/Cholecystokinin Family Physiological Actions of Gastrin Regulation of Gastrin Secretion Cholecystokinin (CCK) The Secretin/Glucagon Superfamily Secretin 114 GIP (Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide/Gastric Inhibitory Peptide) Glucagon-like Peptides 1 and 2 (GLP-1 and GLP-2) The Pancreatic Polypeptide Family Neurotensin The Motilin/Ghrelin Family Concluding Comments Suggested Reading Chapter 7 The Pancreatic Islets Morphology of the Endocrine Pancreas Glucagon Biosynthesis, Secretion, and Metabolism Physiological Actions of Glucagon Glucose Production Glycogenolysis Gluconeogenesis Lipogenesis and Ketogenesis Ureogenesis Regulation of Glucagon Secretion Insulin Biosynthesis, Secretion, and Metabolism Physiological Actions of Insulin Effects of Insulin Deficiency Effects on Adipose Tissue Effects on Muscle 138 Effects on Liver Mechanism of Insulin Action Regulation of Insulin Secretion Glucose Other Circulating Metabolites Hormonal and Neural Control Cellular Events Somatostatin Suggested Reading Chapter 8 Hormonal Regulation of Fuel Metabolism General Features of Energy Metabolism Body Fuels Glucose Glycogen Protein Fat Problems Inherent in the Use of Glucose and Fat as Metabolic Fuels Fuel Consumption The Glucose Fatty Acid Cycle AMP Activated Kinase (AMPK) Overall Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentration Short-term Regulation Long-term Regulation Integrated Actions of Metabolic Hormones Adipose Issue Muscle Liver Pancreatic Islets Regulation of Metabolism during Feeding and Fasting Postprandial Period Postabsorptive Period Fasting Hormonal Interactions during Exercise Short-Term Maximal Effort Sustained Aerobic Exercise Long-term Regulation of Fuel Storage Adipogenesis Hypothalamic Control of Appetite and Food Intake Peripheral Input to Hypothalamic Feeding and Satiety Neurons Adiposity Signals Leptin Insulin as an Adiposity Signal Adipokines Satiety Signals Perspective Suggested Reading Chapter 9 Regulation of Salt and Water Balance General Considerations Salt and Water Balance Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Antidiuretic Effect Effects on Blood Pressure Regulation of ADH Secretion Plasma Osmolality Blood Volume Dysfunctional States The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Actions of Angiotensin II Actions on the Adrenal Cortex Actions on the Kidney Cardiovascular Effects Central Nervous System Effects Regulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) Physiological Actions Cardiovascular Actions Renal Actions Effects on Aldosterone Secretion Other Effects Regulation of ANF Secretion Integrated Compensatory Responses to Changes in Salt and Water Balance Hemorrhage Response of the Renin Angiotensin System Response of the ADH System Response of Aldosterone Response of ANF Dehydration Salt Loading and Depletion Suggested Reading Chapter 10 Hormonal Regulation of Calcium Balance General Features of Calcium Balance Distribution of Calcium in the Body Calcium Balance Intestinal Absorption Bone Kidney Phosphorus Balance Parathyroid Glands and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Biosynthesis, Storage, and Secretion of PTH Mechanisms of Parathyroid Hormone Action Physiological Actions Of PTH Actions on Bone Actions on Kidney Effects on Intestinal Absorption PTH Fragments Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide (PTHRP) Regulation Of PTH Secretion Calcitonin Cells of Origin Biosynthesis, Secretion, and Metabolism Physiological Actions of Calcitonin Actions on Bone Actions on Kidney Regulation of Secretion The Vitamin D-Endocrine System Synthesis and Metabolism Physiological Actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 Actions on Intestine Actions on Bone Actions on Kidney Actions on Parathyroid Glands Regulation Of 1,25(OH)2D3 Production Calcium Regulation of Plasma Calcium Concentrations Integrated Actions of Calcitropic Hormones Response to a Hypocalcemic Challenge Response to a Hypercalcemic Challenge Other Hormones That Influence Calcium Balance Suggested Reading Chapter 11 Hormonal Control of Growth Growth Hormone Synthesis, Secretion, and Metabolism Mode of Action Physiological Actions of Growth Hormone Effects on Skeletal Growth Effects of GH/IGF-I on Body Composition Regulation of GH Secretion Effects of Age Regulators of GH Secretion Actions Of GHRH, Somatostatin, IGF-I, and GH Relin on the Somatotrope Thyroid Hormones Dependence of GH Synthesis and Secretion on T3 Importance of T3 for Expression Of GH Actions Insulin Gonadal Hormones Effects of Estrogens on Epiphyseal Growth Plates Effects on Growth Hormone Secretion and Action Effects of Androgens Glucocorticoids Suggested Reading Chapter 12 Hormonal Control of Reproduction in the Male Morphology of the Testes Leydig Cells and Seminiferous Tubules Male Reproductive Tract Control of Testicular Function Leydig Cells Germinal Epithelium Testosterone Secretion and Metabolism Mechanism of Action Effects on the Male Genital Tract Effects on Secondary Sexual Characteristics Sexual Differentiation Development of Internal Reproductive Ducts and Their Derivatives Development of the External Genitalia Testicular Descent into the Scrotum Postnatal Development Anomalies of Sexual Differentiation Regulation of Testicular Function Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone and the Hypothalamic Pulse Generator Negative Feedback Regulators Inhibin and Testosterone Prepuberty Puberty Suggested Reading Chapter 13 Hormonal Control of Reproduction in the Female: The Menstrual Cycle Female Reproductive Tract Ovaries Folliculogenesis Oviducts and Uterus Ovarian Hormones Estrogens Progesterone Inhibin Relaxin Control of Ovarian Function Effects of FSH and LH on the Developing Follicle Estradiol Production Follicular Development Cellular Actions of FSH and LH Effects on Ovulation Effects on Corpus Luteum Formation Effects on Oocyte Maturation Effects on Corpus Luteal Function Effects on Ovarian Blood Flow Physiological Actions of Ovarian Steroid Hormones Effects on the Reproductive Tract Menstruation Effects on the Mammary Glands Other Effects of Ovarian Hormones Mechanism of Action Regulation of the Reproductive Cycle Pattern of Hormones in Blood during the Ovarian Cycle Regulation Of FSH And LH Secretion Negative Feedback Aspects Selection of the Dominant Follicle Positive Feedback Aspects Neural Control of Gonadotropin Secretion Sites of Feedback Control Timing of Reproductive Cycles Suggested Reading Chapter 14 Hormonal Control of Pregnancy and Lactation Fertilization and Implantation Gamete Transport Role of the Oviducts Implantation and the Formation of the Placenta The Placenta Placental Hormones Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin (HCS) Progesterone Estrogens The Role of the Fetal Adrenal Cortex The Role of Progesterone and Estrogens in Sustaining Pregnancy Maternal Adaptations to Pregnancy Cardiovascular Adaptations Renal Adaptations Osmoregulation and Thirst Respiratory Adjustments Gas Exchange Metabolic Adjustments Calcium Balance Parturition The Role of Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) The Role of Oxytocin Lactation Growth and Development of the Mammary Glands Milk Production Lactation and Maternal Calcium Balance Mechanism of Prolactin Action Neuroendocrine Mechanisms Milk Let-Down Reflex Cellular Actions of Oxytocin Control of Prolactin Secretion Cellular Regulation of Prolactin Secretion Prolactin in Blood Lactation and Resumption of Ovarian Cycles Suggested Reading Index

Reviews

Praise for the previous edition: .,. clear chapter organization and elegant illustration. It would be a useful purchase for academic and clinical medical libraries, and may be picked up as the primary text for courses in endocrinology at medical schools. -E-STREAMS (2003).,. provides first year medical students with a basic knowledge of normal endocrine physiology a both cellular and molecular levels and prepare them for more advanced studies of endocrine pathology and therapies. -TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (September 2003).,. provides a solid overview of endocrine function and control...an introductory text that provides a solid basis of background information for the aspiring clinician, or for students planning to progress in a direction that investigates a broader range of organisms. - GENERAL & COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY (July 2003).,. presents the subject of human endocrinology in a way that actually makes the reader want more...this is an outstanding text for medical students, graduate students, and researchers who need a good reference book in the field. -LIFE SCIENCE BOOK REVIEW (2003) Basic Medical Endocrinology should provide first year medical students with a basic knowledge of normal endocrine physiology at both cellular and molecular levels and prepare them for more advanced studies of endocrine pathology and therapies. -UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER The fourth edition of this highly successful textbook continues to have the same focus as previous editions-the integrative and regulatory roles of the endocrine systems, with up-to-date coverage of important advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms. The integrative focus of this book reflectsthe over 40 years of experience of the editor with teaching physiology and endocrinology to medical students. It is precisely the integrative focus that makes this textbook so valuable. The first chapters provide an overview of the principles of hormone structure and function and the roles of the primary endocrine glands. The remaining chapters deal with how hormones serve to regulate complex physiological functions, such as fuel metabolism, regulation of salt and water balance, calcium balance, growth and reproduction. These chapters provide an integrative framework for understanding how these functions respond to challenges from the internal or external environment. Immediately noticeable in the fourth edition is the rich look of the book with its new color figures (300 total) that make many of the illustrations easier to understand. This book continues to be very readable, concise and provides sufficient basic knowledge of how a particular system works without getting bogged down in the unmanageable details of intracellular signaling cascades or regulation of gene transcription. It provides the framework on which a student can add more complex detail of a specific cell or tissue or of a hormone-related disease. An important change in this book is the increase in coverage of the regulation of fuel metabolism, which is covered in 3 chapters: Hormones of the GI Tract (completely new chapter), The Pancreatic Islets, and Hormonal Regulation of Fuel Metabolism. This increase in coverage is appropriate and reflects the very strong emphasis on this area of research over the past 10 years. The increase in obesity and diabetes in our population has provided the stimulus for this research, which has led to a sizable growth in knowledge of this very complex area. Revisions of other chapters capture most new advances, without greatly expanding the length of the text. However, managing this feat requires leaving out some information. For example, there is no mention of the discovery of kisspeptin, which is made in neurons in the hypothalamus. Kisspeptin is now considered to be the primary regulator of GnRH neurons and reproductive function. Also, it is likely that a future edition will consider adipose tissue as an endocrine organ, reflecting the array of hormones synthesized by adipocytes and its importance in glucose homeostasis and the metabolic syndrome.Overall, the textbook is essential for medical students. It also can serve as a valuable resource for an upper level undergraduate course or a first year graduate course. -Endocrine, December 2008

Praise for the previous edition: <br>. ..clear chapter organization and elegant illustration. It would be a useful purchase for academic and clinical medical libraries, and may be picked up as the primary text for courses in endocrinology at medical schools. <br>-E-STREAMS (2003) <br>. ..provides first year medical students with a basic knowledge of normal endocrine physiology a both cellular and molecular levels and prepare them for more advanced studies of endocrine pathology and therapies. <br>-TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (September 2003) <br>. ..provides a solid overview of endocrine function and control...an introductory text that provides a solid basis of background information for the aspiring clinician, or for students planning to progress in a direction that investigates a broader range of organisms. <br>- GENERAL & COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY (July 2003) <br>. ..presents the subject of human endocrinology in a way that actually makes the reader want more...this is an

Author Information

Dr. Holt is the co-director of the Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Group; past president of the Connecticut Endocrine Society; and has been recognized many times as a top doctor by Connecticut magazine. Dr. Peery is a professor who has taught medical and graduate students at the Cumming School of Medicine at the University of Calgary as well as at professional schools in other universities in the United States and Canada. In addition, he is an Affiliate Assistant Professor in the Department of Bioengineering at the School of Medicine at the University of Washington, Seattle. He received his Bachelor of Science degree from Syracuse University, his MSc from Ohio State University, and his PhD from the University of Saskatchewan. At the University of Calgary, he is a member of the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and is an Associate Member of the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute. He currently works in the lab of Dr. Karl Riabowol in the Cumming School of Medicine where he focuses his research on the pathogenesis of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, cancer biomarkers, and glioblastoma. He is one of the founding directors of The Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Foundation, Inc., headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

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