Overview

This book examines the characteristics of autoimmune hemolytic anemias in children, based on a retrospective study of pediatric patients with a positive direct Coombs test. Epidemiological, clinical, biological and therapeutic data were analyzed using SPSS software. A total of 17 patients were included (10 girls and 7 boys), with an average age of three years. The most frequent etiologies identified were visceral leishmaniasis (5 cases) and β-thalassemia major (4 cases). In addition to transfusions, corticosteroid therapy was administered to 10 of the 17 patients, with cure observed in 4 cases (23.5%). Although viral infections are generally considered to be the main causes of these anemias, our study revealed a predominance of visceral leishmaniasis, an etiology rarely mentioned in the literature. Autoimmune hemolytic anemias remain rare pathologies, often associated with a poor prognosis. A thorough etiological investigation and complete immunohematological workup are essential to optimize therapeutic management.

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