Overview

The present study, for the first time, provides a comparative analysis of the objections raised against Christianity by late antique pagan philosophers (esp. Celsus in Alethes logos, Porphyry in Contra Christianos, and Julian the Apostate in Contra Gali-laeos) and Enlightenment philosophers and freethinkers and examines the impact of pagan thinking on the critique of Christianity in the 16th to 18th centuries – in particular, on discussions concerning the authority of the Bible, biblical exegesis, the Christian concept of faith, religious coercion and the uniformity of faith, the belief in miracles, and the Christ-ian understanding of morality.

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Winfried Schröder, Ph.D. (1986), is Professor of History of Philosophy at Philipps-Universität Marburg. He is co-editor of Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie, editor of the series Philosophische Clandestina der deutschen Aufklärung and Freidenker der europäischen Aufklärung, and of major texts of the radical Enlightenment (i.a. De tribus impostoribus; Traité des trois imposteurs; Symbolum sapientiae). He has published monographs about Spinozism in the Enlightenment, moral nihilism, and atheism, including Ursprünge des Atheismus (2nd ed. 2012).

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