Overview

Trauma training is regularly conducted within the military medical community in an environment of increasing scrutiny and pressure to replace animals with inanimate alternatives. This thesis uses the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) animal laboratory as the basis of evaluation to answer the question: Can nonanimal alternatives replace the use of animals in military medical trauma training? Evidence collection via literature search recovered over five hundred discussions of animate and inanimate model use in training. Alternative models were categorized, then analyzed to determine their most appropriate role in procedural psychomotor skill development. This niche analysis indicates that: (1) Nonphysical Models are appropriate only for cognitive skill development, (2) Nonrealistic Physical Models, Anthropanalogous Models, and Cadaver Models are most appropriate for basic psychomotor skill development, and (3) Only animal models and Complex Interactive Mannequins are appropriate for advanced skill development or terminal proficiency testing. An Event-Totality Standard (ETS) comprising critical resuscitative procedures was applied to determine the individual or collective ability of identified alternatives to replace animals in trauma training. No single alternative can replace the use of animals in trauma training. Alternative models may collectively fulfill the ETS; however, training objectives or practical considerations may preclude such collective model use. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

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