Overview

This volume takes a new look at causewayed enclosures in South Scandinavia based on a research area restricted to the Djursland Peninsula in eastern Jutland. The Djursland Peninsula in eastern Jutland was selected as region of concentration because of the richness of the region in terms of megalithic graves and burial mounds and because it has the largest number by far of known Neolithic enclosures within the northern TRB Group distribution area. Given that the awareness of as many enclosures as possible is necessary in any attempt to evaluate their significance for Neolithic societies within a given area, a major part of this work is devoted to the development of predictive modelling for the detection of enclosures in the landscape. It is only in relation to this step that it is possible to engage with such questions as the reasons for which certain locations were chosen as enclosure sites and how these relate to the history of Neolithic settlement within the wider region. The latter is at the heart of practically all settlement archaeological studies of the period under consideration in South Scandinavia. However, it has never been critically reviewed nor tested by comparisons with the results from other regions. A separate section is devoted to examining the European dimension of the Scandinavian enclosures in closer detail.

Full Product Details

Author:   Lutz Klassen
Publisher:   Aarhus University Press
Imprint:   Aarhus University Press
Dimensions:   Width: 22.20cm , Height: 2.70cm , Length: 30.40cm
Weight:   1.628kg
ISBN:  

9788771244496

ISBN 10:   8771244492
Pages:   330
Publication Date:   27 October 2014
Audience:   General/trade ,  General
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   In Print  
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Table of Contents

Preface Part I Along the Road. Aspects of Causewayed Enclosures in South Scandinavia and Beyond by Lutz Klassen 1 Introduction 2 The area of investigation 3 Causewayed enclosures and related sites in Djursland 4 Causewayed enclosures and related sites in the TRB North Group distribution area 5 Predicting the location of causewayed enclosures in South Scandinavia: Previous approaches 5.1 T. Madsen's work (1979-1988) 5.2 Klatt's study (2009) 5.2.1 The different criteria and calculations used by Klatt 5.2.2. Grid combination and calculation 5.2.3 Conclusion 6 Predicting the location of causewayed enclosures in South Scandinavia: A new approach 6.1 Classification of known enclosures 6.2 Evaluation of the parameters hitherto employed in predictive modelling 6.2.1 Relation to water 6.2.2 Distance to megalithic graves 6.2.3 Soil type 6.2.4 Neolithic finds 6.2.5 Topography 6.2.5.1 Promontory type enclosures 6.2.5.2 Hilltop type enclosures 6.2.5.3 Conclusion 6.3 New parameters for predictive modelling 6.3.1. Inter-enclosure spacing 6.3.2 Enclosures in relation to communication infrastructure 6.3.2.1 Danish enclosures and reconstructed prehistoric roads/paths 6.3.2.2 Danish Neolithic enclosures and historic roads 6.3.3 River crossings 6.3.4 Enclosures and Viking Age/Medieval military installations 7 Predicting enclosures in Djursland 7.1 Preparing required datasets 7.1.1 Reconstructing the coastline at 3500 BC 7.1.2 Defining freshwater paths and river confluences 7.1.3 Defining river mouths 7.1.4 Reconstructing Neolithic roads/paths and river crossings 7.1.5 Point datasets for Viking Age/Medieval fortifications and Neolithic finds 7.1.6 Soil type map 7.1.7 Historic roads 7.2 Pointing out potential enclosure locations 7.3 Testing potential enclosure locations 7.3.1 Aerial survey 7.3.2 Field survey 7.3.2.1 Results of the survey 7.3.2.2 The finds 7.3.2.3 Discussion 7.3.3 Geophysical survey 7.3.3.1 Selection of locations 7.3.3.2 Results 8 The predictive model: evaluation of predictive parameters, test methods and results 8.1 The predictive parameters 8.2 The test methods 8.2.1 Aerial photographs 8.2.2 Field surveying 8.2.3 Geophysical survey 8.3 Archaeological results 8.3.1 Specific research questions 8.3.2 Causewayed enclosures and related sites in Djursland: State of research after predictive modelling 9 Aspects of causewayed enclosures in South Scandinavia in light of the results of this study 9.1 Causewayed enclosures and their relation to the contemporary coastline 9.2 Causewayed enclosures and inter-enclosure distances 9.3 Causewayed enclosures and TRB settlement in Djursland 9.3.1 Late Mesolithic 9.3.2 Early Neolithic (EN I) 9.3.3 Late Early and early Middle Neolithic (EN II - MN A I) 9.3.4 Summary and conclusions 9.3.5 The east Jutland model: A critical review 9.3.5.1 Summary of the east Jutland model 9.3.5.2 Chronological aspects 9.3.5.3 Economic aspects 9.3.5.4 Pottery styles 9.3.5.5 Settlement 9.3.5.6 Enclosures and territories territories 9.3.5.7 Conclusion 10 Scandinavian enclosures from a European perspective 10.1 Parallels between Scandinavian and other European enclosures: An overview 10.2 Aspects of enclosure architecture 10.2.1 Enclosures with three or more (partial) ditch circuits 10.2.2 Enclosures with clavicle-type ditch segments and rectangular palisade annexes 10.2.3 Enclosures with wide ditch circuit spacing 10.2.4 Enclosures with differing circuit widths 10.2.5 Enclosures with egg-shaped site plans 10.2.6 Enclosures with double post entrance structures 10.2.7 Enclosures with post framed banks and ditches on both sides of the bank: The Vilsund site 10.2.8 Additional observations 10.2.9 Discussion 10.3 Aspects of enclosure chronology 10.3.1 Scandinavian enclosure chronology 10.3.1.1 14C-dated enclosures 10.3.1.2 Archaeologically dated enclosures 10.3.1.3 Enclosure-related sites 10.3.1.4 Summary and discussion 10.3.2. European enclosure chronology 10.3.2.1 Enclosures from 4400 to 4000 BC 10.3.2.2 Enclosures from 4000-3750 BC 10.3.2.3 Enclosures from 3750-3500 BC 10.3.2.4 Enclosures from 3500-3200 BC 10.4 Enclosure construction 3750-3500 BC and European corridors of (ritual) communication 10.4.1 Southern central Europe and South Scandinavia 10.4.1.1 Transverse pits on causeways 10.4.1.2 Entrance screens 10.4.1.3 Other entrance structures 10.4.1.4 Fenced rectangular annexes 10.4.1.5 Further links 10.4.1.6 Summary and conclusion 10.4.2 Southern central Europe and northern central Germany 10.4.3 Southern central Europe and southern England 10.4.4 Southern central Europe and central western France 10.4.5 Other long-distance routes 11 Conclusion: Long-distance routes, enclosures and South Scandinavia 12 Summary 13 References Appendix Part II Geophysical survey of potential Neolithic enclosure sites in Djursland By Lutz Klassen & Christina Klein 1 Introduction 2 Results of the geophysical survey 3 Evaluation 4 References

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