Overview

Following the Soviet invasion in 1979, the Mujahideen defenders of Afghanistan developed and reinforced many natural cave systems to use as supply bases and defensive positions. The Taliban and Al Qaeda further strengthened these positions in the 1990s. Following the events of September 11, 2001, these cave systems have once more come to prominence and sites such as Tora Bora and Zhawar Kili have featured in news headlines around the world. This title provides an analysis of these caves and underground systems, and discusses the U.S.-led Coalition's tactical approach to dislodging the enemy from these fortified positions.

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9781849080255

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Mir Bahmanyar served in the US Army from 1986-89, and currently is an independent film producer and writer. He received a BA in history from the University of California, Berkeley, and specializes in US Army Ranger history. Along with fellow ex-servicemen he has set up www.suasponte.com, a site dedicated to the history of the Rangers. Mir lives in Los Angeles, California, with his Pitbull and Akita dogs. Ian Palmer is a highly experienced digital artist. A graduate in 3D design, he has provided illustrations for many publications, from modelling James Bond's Aston Martin to recreating lunar landings. He lives and works in London with his wife and three cats.

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