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Author:   Suresh Kumar Gahlawat (Ch. Devi Lal University, India) ,  Sushila Maan (Lala Lajpat Rai University of Vety and Animal Sciences, India)
Publisher:   Taylor & Francis Ltd
Imprint:   CRC Press
Weight:   0.880kg
ISBN:  

9780367530518

ISBN 10:   0367530511
Pages:   318
Publication Date:   16 June 2021
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Tertiary & Higher Education ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   In Print  
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Table of Contents

Biosensor: an advanced system for infectious disease diagnosis 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Principle of biosensors 1.3 Composition of biosensors 1.3.1. Enzymes 1.3.2 Microbes 1.3.3 Cells and Tissues 1.3.4 Organelles 1.3.5 Antibodies 1.3.6 Nucleic Acids 1.3.7 Aptamers 1.4 Classification of biosensors 1.4.1. Electrochemical Transducers 1.4.1.1 Potentiometric transducers. 1.4.1.2 Voltammetric transducers 1.4.1.3 Conductometric transducers 1.4.1.4 Impedimetric transducers 1.4.2 Thermometric Transducers 1.4.3 Optical Transducers 1.4.4 Piezoelectric Devices 1.4.5Others biosensors 1.4.5.1 Enzymatic Sensors 1.4.5.1.1 Substrate biosensors 1.4.5.1.2 Inhibitor biosensors 1.4.5.2 Immunosensors 1.4.5.3 DNA Sensors 1.4.5.4 Microbial Biosensors 1.5 Biosensors in diagnosis of infectious diseases 1.5.1 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 1.5.2 Ebola Virus Disease 1.5.3 Zika virus disease 1.5.4 Influenza 1.5.5 Hepatitis 1.5.6 Dengue 1.5.7 Salmonellosis 1.5.8 Shigellosis 1.5.9 Tuberculosis 1.5.10 Food borne diseases caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus 1.5.11 Listerosis 1.5.12 Leismaniasis 1.6 Future perspective 1.7 Conclusion Viral Pseudotyping: A novel tool to study emerging and transboundary viruses Advanced Sensors for Animal Disease Diagnosis 3.1 Introduction to animal diseases 3.2 Common animal diseases 3.3 Sensors as new generation diagnostic platforms for animal disease diagnosis 3.3.1 Bovine 3.3.2 Canine 3.3.3 Equine 3.3.4 Swine 3.3.5 Avian 3.3.6 Fish 3.4 Bacteriophage based sensors for detection of bacterial pathogens 3.5 Conclusion Applications of metagenomics and viral genomics to investigating diseases of livestock 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Obtaining metagenomic next generating sequencing data for viruses 4.2.1 Sample collection 4.2.2 Sample preparation and viral enrichment 4.2.3 Library preparation and sequencing 4.3 Bioinformatic analysis of NGS sequence data 4.3.1. Step 1: Quality assessment of the data produced 4.3.2. Step 2: Assembly of reads (fragments) 4.3.3. Step 3: Taxonomic classification 4.4 Metagenomics and viral genomics can identify new viruses and foster understanding of emerging viruses 4.5 Viral genomics and phylogenetics can identify disease transmission chains 4.6 Viral genomics in monitoring vaccine matching Toll- like receptor of livestock species 5.1 Toll-like receptors 5.1.1 Structure of TLRs 5.1.2. TLRs ligands 5.1.3. Localization of TLR 5.2 Localization of TLRs on mammalian chromosomes 5.2.1. TLR signaling pathways 5.3 Sequence characterization of livestock TLRs 5.3.1. Polymorphism in TLRs of livestock species 5.4 Phylogenetic analysis of buffalo TLR genes 5.5. Role of TLRs in immune responses 5.6 TLRs as therapeutic agents COVID-19: An emerging pandemic to mankind 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Virology 6.2.1 Taxonomy 6.2.2Virion structure 6.2.3 Genome characteristics 6.2.4 Recent genome wide studies 6.2.5 Specificity of Spike protein 6.3 Origin and evolution 6.4 Pathogenesis 6.4.1 Virus Entry 6.4.2 Pathological Findings 6.4.3 Immunopathology 6.5 Epidemiology 6.5.1 Route of transmission 6.5.2 Transmissibility 6.5.3 Viral shedding 6.5.4 Environment viability 6.5.5 Clinical manifestation 6.6 Diagnosis 6.6.1 Molecular diagnosis 6.6.1.1 Real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-qPCR) 6.6.1.2 SHERLOCK techniques 6.6.2 Classical diagnosis 6.6.3 Physical examination 6.6.4 Virus isolation 6.6.5 Serologic diagnosis 6.7 Treatment 6.8 Status of vaccine 6.9 Prevention 6.10 Conclusions Application of Proteomics and Metabolomics in disease Diagnosis 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Basic strategies and platforms of proteomics and metabolomics 7.2.1 Biological Specimens for proteomics and metabolomics 7.2.2 Proteomics workflow 7.2.3 Quantitative proteomics 7.2.4 Proteomics analytical platforms 7.2.5 Metabolomics workflow 7.2.6 Metabolomics analytical platform(s) 7.3 Proteomics in animal disease diagnosis and biomarker discovery 7.3.1 Proteomics biomarkers in infectious disease of farm animals 7.3.2 Proteomics biomarkers in non-infectious disease of farm animals 7.3.3 Proteomics in parasitic disease of animals 7.4 Proteomics in companion animal disease biomarker discovery 7.5 Metabolomics in animal disease diagnosis 7.5.1 Metabolomics in canine diseases 7.5.2 Metabolomics in farm animal disease diagnosis 7.6 Proteomics and metabolomics in human disease diagnosis 7.7 Conclusion Imaging techniques in Veterinary Disease diagnosis 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Microscopy Optical microscopy 8.2.2 Dark field microscopy 8.2.3 Phase contrast microscopy 8.2.4 Polarized light microscopy 8.2.5 Fluorescence microscopy Confocal Microscopy 8.2.5.2 Two-Photon Microscopy Electron microscopy (EM) 8.6.1 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 8.6.2 Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) Cryogenic Electron Microscopy (cryoEM) 8.7 Scanning Probe Microscopy 8.8 X-ray microscopy 8.9 Raman microscopy 8.10 Magnetic Resonance Microscopy (MRM) 8.11 Super-resolution microscopy 8.3 Ultrasonography/diagnostic sonography: 8.4 Digital stethoscope 8.5 Endoscopy 8.6 Thermal imaging 8.7 Radiographic Imaging Contrast Media Recent advancements in Radiographic Imaging 8.8 Computed Tomography (CT) 8.9 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 8.10 Radiopharmaceuticals and Nuclear Imaging 8.11 Nuclear Scintigraphy or Gamma Scan 8.12 Positron-emission tomography (PET) 8.13 Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) 8.14 Electrical Impedance Tomography 8.15 Nanoparticles in diagnostic imaging 8.16 Future Prospect and Conclusion Listeriosis in Animals: Prevalence and Detection 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Epidemiology, Transmission and Spread 9.3 Organism Characteristics and Classification 9.4 Life cycle 9.4.1 L. monocytogenes virulence factors 9.4.2 Factors for Adhesion 9.4.3 Factors for Host Invasion 9.4.4 Factors for escape From Phagocytic Vacuole 9.4.5 Factors for Intracellular Survival and Multiplication 9.4.6 Factors for Intracellular Motility and Intercellular Spread 9.5 Clinical Manifestations 9.6 Disease Diagnosis 9.7 Pathogen Identification of Cultural Isolates 9.7.1 Enzyme Based Assays 9.7.2 Immunological Assays 9.7.3 Nucleic Acid Based Molecular Assays 9.7.4 Epidemiological Testing 9.7.4.1 Phenotypic typing methods 9.7.4.2 Molecular Typing Methods Pyroptosis Prevalence in Animal Diseases and Diagnosis 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Characteristic features of Pyroptosis 10.3 Molecular Mechanism of Pyroptosis 10.3.1 Canonical Inflammasome Pathway 10.3.2 Non- Canonical Inflammasome pathway 10.4 Pyroptosis Prevalence in Animal Diseases 10.4.1 Neuro-inflammation and cognitive impairment in aged rodents 10.4.2 Osteomyelitis 10.4.3 Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) 10.4.4 Sepsis 10.4.5 Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) 10.4.6 Brucellosis 10.4.7 Oxidative Stress in animals 10.4.8 Viral Diseases in Animals 10.5 Pyroptosis markers in Disease Diagnosis 10.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects In Diagnosis Current diagnostic techniques for Influenza 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Influenza Diagnosis 11.2.1 Cell Culture Approaches 11.2.1.1 Virus Culture 11.2.1.2 Virus Shell Culture 11.2.2Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test 11.2.3 Serological Assays 11.2.3.1 Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay 11.2.3.2 Virus Neutralization Assay 11.2.3.3 Single Radial Hemolysis 11.2.3.4 Complement Fixation 11.2.4 Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests (RIDTs) 11.2.5 Nucleic Acid-Based Tests (NATs) 11.2.5.1 Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) 11.2.5.2 Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Based Assay (LAMP) 11.2.5.3 Simple Amplification-Based Assay 11.2.5.4 Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification 11.2.6 Microarray-Based Approaches 11.2.7Modifications of Standard Methods 11.3 Conclusion Diagnostic Tools for the Identification of Foot-and- Mouth Disease Virus 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Etiology 12.3 Diagnostic techniques 12.3.1 Virus isolation assay 12.3.2 Serology-based assays 12.3.2.1 Complement fixation test 12.3.2.2 Virus neutralization test 12.3.2.3 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 12.3.2.4 Virus infection associated gel immuno-diffusion test 12.3.3 Nucleic acid-based assays 12.3.3.1 Reverse transcriptase PCR 12.3.3.2 Real-time RT-PCR 12.3.3.3 Multiplex-PCR 12.3.3.4 Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification 12.3.4 Novel and high-throughput assays 12.3.4.1 Microarray 12.3.4.2 Pen-side assay 12.4 Prevention and treatment 12.4.1 Attenuated vaccines 12.4.2 Inactivated vaccines Synthetic biology-based diagnostics for infectious animal diseases 13.1 Introduction 13.2 In vitro diagnostics 13.2.1 Phage-Based Diagnostics 13.2.2 Synthetic peptides-based diagnostics 13.2.3 Synthetic peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-based diagnostics 13.2.4 Aptamers-based diagnostics 13.2.5 CRISPR/Cas-based biosensors 13.2.5.1 Diagnostics using CRISPR-Cas9 13.2.5.2 CRISPR-Cas12- and CRISPR-Cas13-based diagnostics 13.2.6 Synthetic RNA-based biosensors coupled with synthetic gene networks 13.3 In vivo diagnostics 13.4 Conclusions and Future perspectives Recent Trends in Diagnosis of Campylobacter Infection 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Morphological characters of theCampylobacter 14.3 PathogenesisofCampylobacter 14.4 Diagnosis of Campylobacter infection (Campylobacteriosis) 14.4.1 Conventional methods for detection of pathogen 14.4.1.1 Direct demonstration of pathogen 14.4.1.2 Culture and identification 14.4.1.3 Selective media for Campylobacter isolation 14.4.2 Confirmation of Campylobacter 14.4.2.1 Colony characteristics 14.4.2.2 Enzyme immune assay 14.4.3 Molecular tools and techniques for Campylobacter diagnosis 14.4.3.1 Phenotypic methods 14.4.3.1.1 Bio-typing 14.4.3.1.2 Phage-typing 14.4.3.2 Genotyping methods 14.4.3.2.1 Macro-restriction-mediated-analyses 14.4.3.2.2 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based assays 14.4.3.2.3 Ribotyping 14.4.3.2.4 Fla-typing 14.4.4 Metagenomics as a diagnostic tool 14.4.4.1 Structural metagenomics 14.4.4.2 Functional metagenomic 14.5 Conclusion & Future perspectives Recent trends in Bovine tuberculosis detection and control methods 15.1 Introduction 15.1.1. Bovine TB – The causative organism and the disease 15.1.2. Host genetics 15.1.3. Surveillance Strategies,Prevention and Control Methods. 15.2 Some basics of performance characteristics of Diagnostic tests 15.2.1 Purpose of diagnostic tests 15.2.2 Attributes of an Ideal diagnostic test 15.3 Detection methods and strategies 15.3.1 Direct Detection of the Pathogen 15.3.1.1 Post-mortem examination 15.3.1.2 Direct microscopic detection 15.3.1.3 Bacteriological culture 15.3.1.4 Nucleic Acid detection based molecular assays 15.3.2. Detection of the cell-mediated immunity in host. 15.3.2.1 Tuberculin DTH skin test 15.3.2.2. Gamma-interferon assay 15.3.2.3. Lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA) 15.3.2.4. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay 15.3.3. Detection of the host antibody response to infection 15.3.3. 1. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 15.3.3.2.Multi Antigen Print Immunoassay (MAPIA) 15.3.3.3. Dual Path Platform (DPP) assay 15.3.3.4. Fluorescent Polarisation Assay 15.3.3.4.The SeraLyte-Mbv (PriTestInc) assay 15.4 Futuristic Approaches 15.4.1. Detection of the host enzyme Adenosine deaminase enzyme(ADA) 15.4.2. Detection of humoral response based on IgA (with or without IgG) 15.4.3 Use of Recombinant molecule as markers 15.4.4 High throughput technological advances for detection of conventional targets 15.4.5 Combinatorial Approaches 15.5 Conclusion Livestock Enteric Viruses: Latest Diagnostic Techniques for Their Easy and Rapid Identification 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Latest diagnostic techniques for identification of major enteric viruses affecting livestock 16.2.1 Bovine corona viruses (BoCV) 16.2.2 Bovine enterovirus (BEV) 16.2.3 Rotaviruses 16.2.4 Astroviruses 16.2.5 Caliciviruses 16.2.6 Picobirnaviruses 16.3 Conclusion Coronaviruses: Recent trends and approaches in diagnosis and management 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Virus, Virology, and Pathogenesis 17.3 Global Epidemiology 17.4 Virus Diagnosis 17.4.1 Virus Isolation 17.4.2 Electron Microscopy 17.4.3 Serology 17.4.4 Molecular diagnosis 17.5 Management of Coronaviruses 17.5.1 Ribavirin 17.5.2 Other antiviral Drug 17.5.3 Monoclonal antibody therapy 17.5.4 Interferon Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA): A New Approach for Disease Diagnosis 18.1 Introduction to Recombinase Polymerase Amplification 18.2 Methodology and different parameters controlling RPA 18.2.1 Primer and Probe design 18.2.2 Temperature 18.3.3 Effect of crowding agent and mixing 18.3.4 Incubation time 18.3.5 Type of samples 18.3 RPA reaction conditions 18.3.1 Multiplexing in RPA 18.4 Major applications of RPA technique 18.4.1 Multiple target detection 18.4.2 Seed testing and other agricultural assays 18.4.3 On-site microbial testing 18.4.4 Disease detection in animals 18.4.5 Medical diagnostics 18.5 Comparison with other isothermal technique 18.6 Advantages over real time PCR 18.7 Conclusion Global Rules, Regulations and Intellectual Property Rights on diagnostic methods 19.1 Introduction 19.1.1. Patenting 19.1.2.Rationalization of patenting 19.1.3.Patenting of Diagnostic methods 19.1.4 What is a patent? 19.2 Patent laws in India 19.3 Patent Laws in USA 19.4 Patent laws in Europe 19.5 Analysis and Conclusion

Reviews

In this multi-authored text, contributing experts offer a broad overview of the most modern technologies-primarily molecular in scale but including an array of innovative microscopic and scanning techniques-for the detection and identification of infectious-disease organisms. In considering these novel diagnostic methods, authors generally emphasize overall utility and performance characteristics, notably sensitivity/specificity, accuracy/precision, rapidity, affordability, and ease of use. They also consider the direction of future efforts with respect to selected animal diseases. As shown in these pages, widespread application of modern technology has greatly changed the nature of animal disease diagnosis. This volume will be of considerable value to virologists, bacteriologists, molecular biologists, and others working in diagnostic facilities. - D. A. Brass, independent scholar, Choice December 2022

"""In this multi-authored text, contributing experts offer a broad overview of the most modern technologies—primarily molecular in scale but including an array of innovative microscopic and scanning techniques—for the detection and identification of infectious-disease organisms. In considering these novel diagnostic methods, authors generally emphasize overall utility and performance characteristics, notably sensitivity/specificity, accuracy/precision, rapidity, affordability, and ease of use. They also consider the direction of future efforts with respect to selected animal diseases. As shown in these pages, widespread application of modern technology has greatly changed the nature of animal disease diagnosis. This volume will be of considerable value to virologists, bacteriologists, molecular biologists, and others working in diagnostic facilities."" — D. A. Brass, independent scholar, Choice December 2022"

""In this multi-authored text, contributing experts offer a broad overview of the most modern technologies—primarily molecular in scale but including an array of innovative microscopic and scanning techniques—for the detection and identification of infectious-disease organisms. In considering these novel diagnostic methods, authors generally emphasize overall utility and performance characteristics, notably sensitivity/specificity, accuracy/precision, rapidity, affordability, and ease of use. They also consider the direction of future efforts with respect to selected animal diseases. As shown in these pages, widespread application of modern technology has greatly changed the nature of animal disease diagnosis. This volume will be of considerable value to virologists, bacteriologists, molecular biologists, and others working in diagnostic facilities."" — D. A. Brass, independent scholar, Choice December 2022

Author Information

Suresh Kumar Gahlawat, Ph.D. is presently working as Professor, Department of Biotechnology Chaudhary Devi Lal University (CDLU), Sirsa, India. He also worked in various capacities such as Dean, Research, Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences, Dean of Colleges, Dean Student’s Welfare and Chairperson, Department of Biotechnology in the same university. He received postdoctoral BOYSCAST fellowship and DBT Overseas Associateship from the Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India for carrying out research at FRS Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen, UK. His research interests include the development of molecular diagnostic methods for bacterial and viral diseases. He published more than 70 research papers in journals of national and international repute, authored more than 06 books and supervised M.Phil and Ph.D research work of 14 students. He is active member of various international scientific organizations and societies including Association Microbiologist of India. Sushila Maan, Ph.D. Professor & Head at Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India. She did her Ph.D. from Royal Veterinary College, University of London, UK. She had been Post-Doctoral Fellow within the Arbovirus Molecular Research Group at the Institute for Animal Health (IAH), Pirbright, UK from 2006 – 2011. Dr Sushila Maan has made vital contributions to the extraordinary high impact success of bluetongue virus (BTV) and other pathogens’ research and surveillance including the development of innovative next generation sequencing techniques, identification of seven new Orbivirus species and the 26th serotype of BTV. Dr Maan has developed and commercialized advanced molecular diagnostic systems for detection of pathogens of livestock and wildlife importance, during twenty-four years of her research career since 1995, she has published 122 peer reviewed research articles, out of which 76 are in various international journals of repute and 46 in national journals. She has also presented her research findings at several international conferences in the U.K., France, Portugal, Italy, Holland, Australia, South Africa, China and USA. She is on scientific panel (as a referee) of various International and National journals viz. Virus Research, Plos One, Virology, Vaccine, Journal of Virology, Transboundary and emerging diseases, Indian Journal of Virology etc.

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