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A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge is a 1710 work by the Irish Empiricist philosopher George Berkeley. In this exceptional work George Berkeley makes the striking claim that physical things consist of nothing but ideas and therefore do not exist outside the mind. This claim establishes him as the founder of the idealist tradition in philosophy. A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge largely seeks to refute the claims made by his contemporary John Locke about the nature of human perception. Whilst, like all the Empiricist philosophers, both Locke and George Berkeley agreed that there was an outside world, and it was this world which caused the ideas one has within one's mind; George Berkeley sought to prove that outside world was also composed solely of ideas. George Berkeley did this by suggesting that Ideas can only resemble Ideas - the mental ideas that we possessed could only resemble other ideas (not physical objects) and thus the external world consisted not of physical form, but rather ideas. This world was given logic and regularity by some other force, which Berkeley did his best to conclude was a God. Long refuted by most philosophers, Berkeley's claims in A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge are often felt to have been a form of rationalization. In spite of this George Berkeley was a capable, respected and entertaining thinker. Some doubt exists as to whether he truly believed his conclusion that the world at large was composed of ideas; with modern thinking tending towards him indeed having thought this to be the case.

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George Berkeley (1685-1753) was an Anglo-Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called immaterialism (later referred to as subjective idealism by others). This theory contends that individuals can only know directly sensations and ideas of objects, not abstractions such as matter. The theory also contends that ideas are dependent upon being perceived by minds for their very existence, a belief that became immortalized in the dictum, Esse est percipi ( To be is to be perceived ). His most widely-read works are A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710) and Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (1713), in which the characters Philonous and Hylas represent Berkeley himself and his older contemporary John Locke. In 1734, he published The Analyst, a critique of the foundations of infinitesimal calculus, which was influential in the development of mathematics.

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