Overview

In 1890, Commissioner of Indian Affairs J.P. Morgan pronounced the settled citizenship policy of the federal government. It didn't simply involve citizenship but a series of actions changing the Indian way of life. He stated: ""It has become the settled policy of the Government to break up reservations, destroy tribal relations, settle Indians upon their own homesteads, incorporate them into the national life, and deal with them not as nations or tribes or bands, but as individual citizens. The American Indian is to become the Indian American."" It was formulated on the destruction of Indian culture, language, religion and customs and expropriation of their lands and natural resources. Through fear, uncertainty, starvation, disease, and death, Indians were made to question their ability to survive. The process destroyed their cohesiveness and their ability to counter white settlers' encroaching and settling on their lands. Since its ratification in 1924, the Indian Citizenship Act has perpetuated this destructive set of policies.

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9781632937698

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The author, a citizen of the Navajo Nation, is an attorney and historian. She holds BA, MBA and JD degrees from the University of Denver and is a lecturer on Indian law related to policy, land, water and natural resources. She is committed to Indian nations' sovereignty, ending assimilation policies and promoting accurate education. Awards: 2024 University of Denver College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences (""CAHSS"") Lifetime Achievement Alumni Award; University of Denver Distinguished Alumni. She is also the author of The Earth Is Red: The Imperialism of the Doctrine of Discovery; The Eclipse of the Sun: The Need for American Indian Curriculum in High Schools; The Iron Triangle: Business, Government, and Colonial Settlers' Dispossession of Indian Timberlands and Timber; All that Glitters Is Ours: The Theft of Indian Mineral Resources; Social Contributions of Colorado's American Indian Leaders for the Seven Generations to Come; Warrior Societies, A Manifesto; A Brief Colorado Indian History of the 1800s Through A Factual Lens and Colorado American Indian Civics, all from Sunstone Press.

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