Overview

3D Printing in Radiation Therapy provides practical and comprehensive guidance for the implementation, quality management, maintenance and safe use of a clinical 3D printing programme in the radiation therapy context. Radiation therapy is a safe and effective treatment that can benefit half of all cancer patients, and the introduction of an appropriately planned, managed, and resourced 3D printing programme can increase that benefit in terms of the radiation therapy patient experience, staff engagement, treatment accuracy and improved treatment outcomes, in addition to monetary savings. Key features: Information to aid in selection of suitable 3D printing modalities, materials and software for radiation therapy applications Guidance regarding efficiently and accurately designing, printing and post-processing phantoms, jigs and attachments as well as radiation treatment equipment such as bolus, immobilisation devices, radiation shields and brachytherapy applicators A detailed introduction to comprehensive quality management of the 3D printing service, including documented risk assessments, commissioning methods, 3D printer maintenance, 3D print quality control, reviews, audits and staff training Advice on the potential costs and benefits of the 3D printing service in terms of time, money, space, patient and staff safety, and waste management

Full Product Details

Author:   Tanya Kairn (Metro North Hospital and Health Service (Australia)) ,  Scott B. Crowe (Metro North Hospital and Health Service (Australia)) ,  Tomas Kron (Director of Physical Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre (Australia))
Publisher:   Institute of Physics Publishing
Imprint:   Institute of Physics Publishing
Dimensions:   Width: 17.80cm , Height: 1.30cm , Length: 25.40cm
ISBN:  

9780750339056

ISBN 10:   0750339055
Pages:   214
Publication Date:   12 December 2023
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   In Print  
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Table of Contents

Preface Acknowledgements Editor biographies List of contributors Contributor biographies 1 Introduction Tomas Kron and Tanya Kairn References 2 3D printing Rance Tino and Martin Leary 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Vat photopolymerisation 2.2.1 Stereolithography 2.2.2 Digital light processing 2.2.3 Continuous direct light processing 2.2.4 State-of-the-art vat photopolymerisation-based techniques 2.3 Material extrusion 2.4 Powder bed fusion 2.4.1 Multi jet fusion 2.4.2 Selective laser sintering 2.4.3 Direct metal laser sintering and selective laser melting 2.4.4 Electron beam melting 2.5 Directed energy deposition 2.5.1 Laser engineering net shape 2.5.2 Electron beam additive manufacturing 2.6 Sheet lamination 2.7 Material jetting 2.7.1 Polymer multi-jet printing 2.7.2 Nanoparticle jetting 2.7.3 Drop-on-demand 2.8 Binder jetting 2.9 Key points References 3 Materials Amirhossein Asfia, Giorgio Andrew Katsifis, James I Novak and Scott B Crowe 3.1 Introduction 3.2 3D-printed plastics 3.3 3D-printed composites 3.4 3D-printed metals 3.5 Other materials 3.6 Key points References 4 Design Rance Tino, Martin Leary, Gorgio Andrew Katsifis, James I Novak and Scott B Crowe 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Medical imaging 4.3 3D optical scanning 4.4 Design software 4.5 Key points References 5 Processing Rance Tino, Amirhossein Asfia, Giorgio Andrew Katsifis, James I Novak and Scott B Crowe 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Preparation 5.2.1 Slicing 5.2.2 Nozzle temperature 5.2.3 Build plate temperature 5.2.4 Printing speed 5.2.5 Layer height 5.2.6 Infill density and pattern 5.2.7 Build orientation and support 5.2.8 Variable print parameters 5.3 Printing 5.4 Post-processing 5.5 Key points References 6 Costs Tanya Kairn, Rance Tino, Martin Leary and Adam Unjin Yeo 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Money 6.3 Time 6.4 Health 6.5 Space 6.6 Waste 6.7 Key points References 7 Quality management Emily Simpson-Page, Deepak Basaula and Scott B Crowe 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Quality management systems 7.3 Risk management 7.4 Documentation requirements 7.5 Resource management 7.5.1 Human resources 7.5.2 Infrastructure 7.6 Product realisation 7.6.1 Request and specification 7.6.2 Modelling and design 7.6.3 Fabrication 7.6.4 Post-processing 7.6.5 Quality assurance 7.7 Ongoing responsibilities 7.8 Key points References 8 Quality assurance Adam Unjin Yeo and Tanya Kairn 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Defects and consequences 8.2.1 Irregular surface 8.2.2 Geometric error 8.2.3 Density variation 8.2.4 Unsuitable doping 8.2.5 Bulk deformation and clearance 8.2.6 Print failure 8.2.7 Consistency and reproducibility 8.3 Commissioning 8.3.1 Risk assessment and overview 8.3.2 Familiarisation with existing documentation 8.3.3 Optimisation of the 3D-printing parameters 8.3.4 Evaluation of geometric accuracy 8.3.5 Characterising the physical properties of materials 8.3.6 Characterising the density properties of materials 8.3.7 Testing challenging geometries and long print jobs 8.3.8 Evaluating 3D-print reproducibility and consistency 8.3.9 Completion of end-to-end testing 8.3.10 Development of a 3D-print sanitisation process 8.3.11 Planning of routine maintenance for a 3D printer 8.3.12 Development of quality control processes 8.3.13 Preparation of a commissioning report 8.3.14 Provision of written instructions 8.3.15 Creating logs 8.3.16 Provision of staff training 8.3.17 Repetition of commissioning for new equipment 8.4 3D-printer maintenance 8.5 3D-print quality control 8.6 Key points References 9 Patient treatments Tanya Kairn, Rachael Wilks and Samuel C Peet 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Patient safety 9.2.1 Regulatory and quality management context 9.2.2 External use 9.2.3 Internal use 9.2.4 Cleaning and sterilisation 9.3 Bolus, compensators, and range shifters 9.3.1 Clinical context 9.3.2 Photon radiation therapy 9.3.3 Electron radiation therapy 9.3.4 Proton radiation therapy 9.4 Custom shielding 9.4.1 Clinical context 9.4.2 Shields 9.4.3 Apertures 9.4.4 Positives 9.5 Immobilisation 9.5.1 Clinical context 9.5.2 Mechanical safety 9.5.3 Patient supports 9.5.4 Immobilisation masks 9.5.5 Displacement stabilisation 9.6 Brachytherapy 9.6.1 Clinical context 9.6.2 Superficial applicators 9.6.3 Interstitial templates 9.6.4 Intracavitary moulds 9.6.5 Dose calculation considerations 9.7 Key points References 10 Treatment verification Deepak Basaula, Emily Simpson-Page, Scott B Crowe and Tanya Kairn 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Dosimeter augmentation 10.2.1 Dosimetry jigs 1 10.2.2 Adaptors, attachments, and inserts 10.3 Geometrically simple phantoms 10.3.1 Hidden targets 10.3.2 Simple imaging phantoms 10.3.3 Simple dosimetry phantoms 10.4 Anthropomorphic phantoms 10.4.1 Summary of requirements 10.4.2 Geometric properties 10.4.3 Material properties 10.4.4 Functional properties 10.5 Key points References 11 Beyond radiation therapy Mathilde R Desselle and Natalka Suchowerska 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Patient-matched anatomical models 11.3 Templates for clinical intervention 11.4 Surgical guides 11.5 Customised prostheses and orthoses 11.6 Regenerative medicine 11.7 Bioprinting 11.8 Key points References 12 Conclusions Tanya Kairn, Scott B Crowe and Tomas Kron List of acronyms/initialisms

Reviews

Author Information

Prof Tanya Kairn PhD is the Director of Medical Physics for Cancer Care Services at the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia. Prof Kairn has over 150 papers in refereed journals, including 20 papers on applications of 3D printing in radiation therapy. The use of novel 3D printing techniques for the benefit of cancer patients remains an important focus of Prof Kairn’s research. Prof Scott B. Crowe PhD is the Senior Research Medical Physicist at the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia. Prof Crowe is the Clinical Lead for the Herston Biofabrication Institute Cancer Care Services research programme, and oversaw the process by which the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (Metro North Hospital and Health Service) became the first hospital in Australia to be listed on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods as a point-of-care manufacturer of 3D printed radiation therapy bolus. Prof Tomas Kron OAM PhD FACPSEM is the Managing Director of the Department of Medical Physics at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia, with responsibility for overseeing a programme that has produced nearly 2000 patient-matched 3D printed radiation therapy devices. Prof Kron has over 600 publications, many of which demonstrate his ongoing interest in developing bespoke phantoms and dosimetry systems, including eight papers on 3D printing topics in the last three years and an early paper on 3D printed phantom materials in 2015.

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