Overview

This work sets out to show how tremendous progress was made in the treatment of wounded soldiers during the Great War which significantly improved chances of survival. It describes ground breaking advances in resuscitation, anaesthesia and surgery which established the foundations of modern war surgery. It stresses the importance of blood transfusion. In 1914, definitive management of wounds took place at base hospitals after a journey which sometimes took days. Resuscitation was practically non- existent, anaesthesia was poor and surgical methods were hopelessly inadequate. Many soldiers developed catastrophic wound infections and died as a result of overwhelming sepsis when they should have survived. During the Second Boer War, surgeons followed the teaching of Joseph Lister who had introduced antiseptic surgery in 1867. Antiseptic dressings were applied to prevent harmful organisms gaining access to wounds which were considered sterile. Results were satisfactory, but the Boer War was fought in dry grasslands of the Transvaal and Orange Free State and most wounds were caused by rifle bullets fired from long range and of relatively low energy. The Great War on the Western Front was fought in richly manured fields of France and Flanders and wounds were caused by high energy shell fragments or bullets carrying potentially lethal organisms into their depths. Many wounds were sutured, and antiseptic dressings applied in dressing stations of field ambulances, before patients were transferred to base hospitals for definitive surgery. Results were appalling. Two pioneering surgeons challenged established doctrine and introduced new surgical methods against much opposition and hostility from clinicians who lacked vision to see beyond existing methods of treatment. Resuscitation and anaesthesia were transformed as knowledge increased and by 1917 blood transfusion became very important in improving survival. From May 1918, Field Ambulance Resuscitation Teams were employed by Australian medical personnel to deliver resuscitation and surgery to wounded soldiers within a very short time, saving limbs and lives. When hostilities were over, it was hoped by many that lessons learned during the conflict would be applied subsequently to civilian practice. Professional jealousy and rivalry sometimes prevented this from happening. 90 b/w photgraphs, 8 b/w maps, 25 tables

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9781911628743

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Hard to put down and most highly recommended; the title says it all. * Military Historical Society Bulletin 17/07/2019 *

Author Information

Tom Scotland was educated at Waid Academy, Anstruther and at the University of Edinburgh. He studied Medicine, graduating in 1971, and pursued a career in surgery. He became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 1975 and was appointed Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, NHS Grampian and Honorary Senior Lecturer, University of Aberdeen in 1983, at which time he became a member of the Aberdeen Medico-Chirurgical Society, co-founded in 1789 by James McGrigor. Since retiring from the NHS in 2007, he has pursued his interest in military surgical history and has delivered lectures at national and international meetings. He has co-edited a book War Surgery 1914-18, and has co-authored four further works, Wars, Pestilence and the Surgeon`s Blade, Understanding the Somme 1916: An Illuminating Battlefield Guide, Understanding the Ypres Salient: An Illuminating Battlefield Guide and Henry Gray, Surgeon of the Great War, Saving Lives in a Theatre of Destruction. His most recent work A Time to Die and a Time to Live: Disaster to Triumph, deals with ground-breaking developments which impacted on war surgery and greatly improved the outcome for wounded soldiers in the First World War.

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